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        <div><a href="281.htm" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/book/281">人类群星闪耀时读书笔记</a> <a href="javascript:if(confirm(%27http://www.duyou8.com/chapter/305  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Ultra, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?%27))window.location=%27http://www.duyou8.com/chapter/305%27" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/chapter/305">全书</a></div>
        <h1 align="center">玛丽恩巴德的挽歌</h1>
        
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                	東 发表于 2016-08-17 09:14:21.0
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                	<p style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; text-autospace: ;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif;">一、爱情就像是一场感冒</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; text-autospace: ;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif;"><br/></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">歌德在74岁高龄所作的《玛丽恩巴德挽歌》长久以来被认为是伟大的爱情诗篇，不过很少有人真正了解这伟大杰作的诞生始末，了解这首歌德晚年最深沉、最成熟的“献给我们的奇妙的歌”。正如他对埃克曼所说，这是“激情达到最高峰的产物”，这也是他枝繁叶茂、簌簌作响的生命之树上最鲜丽的一叶，直至一百多年后的今天，它仍然没有凋谢和褪色。<br/></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">1822年2月，歌德不得不对付一场重病。连日的高烧使他的身体难以支持，有时候甚至昏迷不醒。医生们看不出明显的症状，只觉得情况危险，但又无计可施。不过，这病来得突然，好得也突然。这年6月，歌德到玛丽恩巴德去疗养，当时他完全像换了一个人似的，仿佛那一场暴病只是一种内心的返老还童——“新青春期”的征兆。这个沉默寡言、态度严峻、咬文嚼字、满脑子几乎只有诗歌创作的人，在经过了数十年之后又一次完全听凭自己感情的摆布。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">就在这一年夏天，他的那种刻板的禀性神奇地消失了，而且心扉洞开，整个心灵被那古老的魔法师——永恒的爱的魅力所攫住。他将自己全部的热情倾注到了当时只有19岁的乌尔丽克身上。乌尔丽克是歌德在玛丽恩巴德疗养时寄居的那家房东太太的大女儿，正值妙龄，青春焕发。一年前他还只是用父辈的口吻昵称她为“小女儿”，可是现在喜爱突然变成了情欲，好像全身缠上了另一种病，使他在这火山般的感情世界中震颤，而多年以来他早已没有这种经历了。这个74岁的老翁简直像一个情窦初开的男孩：刚一听到林荫道上的笑声，他就放下工作，不戴帽子也不拿手杖，就急匆匆跑下台阶去迎接那个活泼可爱的女孩子，像一个少年、一个男子汉似的向她献殷勤。于是，一幕略带色情、结局悲哀的荒唐戏开场了。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">歌德向自己同伴中的最年长者——大公爵吐露衷肠，请他替自己在乌尔丽克母亲面前向她求婚。关于她如何答复，不知其详——看来她是采取了拖延的办法。所以歌德也就成了一个没有把握的求婚者。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">然而终于到了该离去的时候了，一直到9月5日，夏天就要结束了，歌德还是没有得到任何许诺和任何暗示，他的痛苦与日俱增。而现在，当离开的马车滚滚向前时，这位善于预见的人感觉到，自己一生中一件非同寻常的事已经结束。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">二、马车上创作出来的挽歌</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">这位年迈的老人自从在少妇和姑娘们的簇拥下告别以来，一直没有张过嘴。他纹丝不动地坐在车厢里，只有那全神贯注正在思索的目光显示出他的内心活动。在到达第一个驿站休息时，他下了车，用铅笔在一张顺手找到的纸上匆匆地写着字句。后来，在前往魏玛的整个旅途中，无论是在车上还是在歇宿地，他都一直忙着干这样的事。他每到一处，要做的第一件事情，就是把在行驶的马车里斟酌好的诗句赶紧记下来。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">“如今，花儿仍旧漫不经心地绽放，</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">再相逢，又有何可以期待？</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">在你面前是天堂也是地狱，为你敞开，</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">我的心呵，竟这样踌躇反复！”</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">这首诗是这样开篇的。而马车外看到的画面也被他注入到诗篇中，那恬静和平的风光正好和他此时忧伤忐忑的心情形成了鲜明的对比。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">“世界不是依然存在？悬崖峭壁</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">不是在晨光中黑魆魆地巍然挺立在那边？</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">庄稼不是已成熟？</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">河畔的丛林和牧场</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">不就是我心中那片碧绿的原野吗？</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">笼罩大地的无涯天穹</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">难道不还是过眼云烟，无穷变幻？”</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">但是，这样一个世界对他来说显得太没有生气了。在如此热恋的时刻，他会把所见的一切都和那个可爱的倩影联系上，于是，记忆中的倩影又魔幻似的显现在眼前：</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">“一个苗条的身形在碧空的薄雾里飘荡， </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">多么温柔和明净，多么轻盈和优美， </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">仿佛撒拉弗天使拨开彩云， </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">露出她的姿颜； </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">你看她——这丽人中的佼佼者 </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">婆娑曼舞，多么欢快。 ”</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">然而，正是在这种极乐境界的回味之中，这个孤寂的人才饱尝现在这种分离的痛苦。于是痛苦迸发而出，这痛苦几乎破坏了这首杰作的那种挽歌诗体的崇高情调，这完全是一种内心情感的宣泄，在他多少年来的创作中，唯有这一次是直接的经历自发地转化为诗歌：</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">“我已经失去一切，我自己也不再存在， </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">不久前我还是众神的宠儿，可现在</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">我一无所有，也在失去自我；</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">是神在考验我，赐予我潘多拉的魔盒， </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">那里有无数珍宝，但也有更多的危险； </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">众神唆使我去吻她天赐的嘴唇， </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">然后又将我们分开——把我抛进无底的深渊。”</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">这位平素善于克己的人还从未写出过类似这样的诗句。他少年时就懂得隐藏自己的感情，青年时代也知道节制，通常只在写照和隐喻自己的作品中象征性地流露自己内心最深处的秘密，然而当他已是一个白发苍苍的老翁时，却第一次在自己的诗篇中尽兴坦陈自己的情感。50年来，在这个多情善感的人和伟大的抒情诗人心中，也许从未有过比这难忘的一页更充满激情的时刻，这是他一生中值得纪念的转折点。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br/></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">三、一生的分水岭</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </span></strong></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">回到家后，歌德做的第一件事就是亲手誊写这一艺术杰作——《挽歌》的草稿。他用了三天的时间，像修道士一样深居在自己的净修室里，用端正的大字体在精选的纸上把它抄写完毕，并且把它作为一件秘稿收藏起来。一直到10月27号，歌德才开始与身边最信赖的人分享这首挽歌，他像守护“圣物”那样守护着它。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">随后几个月的时间表明，这挽歌对他一生有着特殊的意义。在这个重返青春的老人健康状况一日好似一日以后不久，出现了衰竭现象。看上去，他又要濒临死亡的边缘了。不过他更像是在经受热恋的煎熬，饱尝青春的痛苦。为了医治歌德心灵的创伤，他的老友一遍又一遍地为他朗读这首不寻常的诗。歌德听这首诗的时候，从不觉得疲倦。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">痊愈后他的老友这样说道：“是这支刺伤他的矛本身治愈了他。”人们大概可以这样说：歌德正是通过这首诗拯救了自己。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">从此以后，他的生命只属于工作。这位经受了折磨的人对命运的新起点完全“断念”了，而在自己的生活领域中出现了另一个伟大的词：完成。他把刚刚荒废在19岁的少女身上的爱再次奉献给他青年时代的最老的伴侣——《威廉·迈斯特》和《浮士德》。他精力充沛地进行写作，从变黄的稿纸上重温上个世纪订下的计划。他在80岁以前完成了《威廉·迈斯特的漫游年代》，81岁时又以坚忍不拔的毅力继续他的毕生“主要事业”——《浮士德》的创作。</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">而9月5日告别卡尔斯巴德、告别爱情的那一天是分水岭。我们可以把那一天称为纪念日，因为从此以后在德国的诗歌中，再也没有把情欲冲动的时刻描写得如此出色，如同歌德那样把最亢奋的感情倾注进这样强有力的长诗。</span></p><p><br/></p>
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                    	同读一本书
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                    <h4><a href="281.htm" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/book/281">人类群星闪耀时</a></h4>
                    <a href="281.htm" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/book/281"><img width="160" src="281.jpg" tppabs="http://bj.bcebos.com/duyou8//book/small/281.jpg" alt="人类群星闪耀时读书笔记"/></a>
                    
                  <div>作者:茨威格</div> 
                    <div>领读人:<a href="javascript:if(confirm(%27http://www.duyou8.com/user/1  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Ultra, because it was unavailable, or its retrieval was aborted, or the project was stopped too soon.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?%27))window.location=%27http://www.duyou8.com/user/1%27" tppabs="http://www.duyou8.com/user/1">東</a></div>
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